By anemia is meant a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood. During pregnancy, the amount of fluid in the woman’s body increases, which means the volume of circulating blood. Due to this, the blood “liquefies” and the proportion of hemoglobin in its total volume drops. This is considered normal, and therefore the lower limit of hemoglobin during pregnancy is set at 110 g / l (the norm for a non-pregnant woman is 120–140 g / l). But a further drop in hemoglobin levels is dangerous for the health and even life of the expectant mother. Depending on the values of this indicator, anemia during pregnancy can be: mild severity - 110–90 g / l; moderate - 89–70 g / l; severe - 69–40 g / l [1] . During pregnancy, it is very important to maintain a hemoglobin level at the physiological level.
That is why women expecting a child are advised to regularly donate blood for analysis of the iron content in their blood. What can be the complications of iron deficiency? The main problem that occurs with hemoglobin deficiency is tissue hypoxia (poor supply of oxygen to the body's cells), including fetal hypoxia, which disrupts its development.
In addition, the composition of the placenta changes, which also badly affects both the course of pregnancy and the condition of the baby. The most common complications of anemia during pregnancy are: threatened abortion; preeclampsia; low blood pressure; premature placental abruption; fetal growth retardation;
premature birth; anemia in the first year of a child’s life. So anemia during pregnancy is by no means a harmless state. It has serious consequences for both the mother and the fetus. It is especially sad that, according to the Ministry of Health, over the past 10 years, anemia complicating pregnancy has become 6.3 times more common! In general, from 15 to 30% of pregnant women suffer from it (depending on the region). Reasons for the development of anemia during the gestation During pregnancy, iron is spent not only on the blood formation of the mother, but also on the needs of the fetus. This consumption is especially active at weeks 16–20, when the process of hematopoiesis in the fetus is started. By the end of pregnancy, iron reserves are depleted in any woman and for their full recovery 2-3 years are needed. Other causes of anemia during pregnancy are:
iron deficiency in food mainly due to insufficient meat in the diet; deficiency of vitamins of groups B and C, necessary for the normal absorption of iron; diseases in which there is a lack of proteins involved in the metabolism of iron, including severe gestosis; early gestosis (toxicosis), which interferes with proper nutrition; frequent deliveries with a small interval. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, a woman loses more than 1400 mg of iron per day.
That is why women expecting a child are advised to regularly donate blood for analysis of the iron content in their blood. What can be the complications of iron deficiency? The main problem that occurs with hemoglobin deficiency is tissue hypoxia (poor supply of oxygen to the body's cells), including fetal hypoxia, which disrupts its development.
In addition, the composition of the placenta changes, which also badly affects both the course of pregnancy and the condition of the baby. The most common complications of anemia during pregnancy are: threatened abortion; preeclampsia; low blood pressure; premature placental abruption; fetal growth retardation;
premature birth; anemia in the first year of a child’s life. So anemia during pregnancy is by no means a harmless state. It has serious consequences for both the mother and the fetus. It is especially sad that, according to the Ministry of Health, over the past 10 years, anemia complicating pregnancy has become 6.3 times more common! In general, from 15 to 30% of pregnant women suffer from it (depending on the region). Reasons for the development of anemia during the gestation During pregnancy, iron is spent not only on the blood formation of the mother, but also on the needs of the fetus. This consumption is especially active at weeks 16–20, when the process of hematopoiesis in the fetus is started. By the end of pregnancy, iron reserves are depleted in any woman and for their full recovery 2-3 years are needed. Other causes of anemia during pregnancy are:
iron deficiency in food mainly due to insufficient meat in the diet; deficiency of vitamins of groups B and C, necessary for the normal absorption of iron; diseases in which there is a lack of proteins involved in the metabolism of iron, including severe gestosis; early gestosis (toxicosis), which interferes with proper nutrition; frequent deliveries with a small interval. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, a woman loses more than 1400 mg of iron per day.
Everyone who is at risk should especially carefully monitor their condition and, if possible, take care of the prevention of anemia during pregnancy. Signs of Anemia during Pregnancy Signs of anemia in women during pregnancy appear in view of: Iron deficiency in a child can be a consequence of anemia in the mother during pregnancy. Prevention of anemia during pregnancy ... hemoglobin deficiency in the blood and, as a consequence, disturbances in the "cellular respiration" of tissues; iron deficiency in tissues and metabolic disorders associated with it. Considering that during pregnancy, the woman’s body requirement for a trace element increases by 15–33% [2] , symptoms that indicate hypoxia usually come to the fore: weakness, fatigue; sleep disturbance: during the day - drowsiness, at night - insomnia; headache; dizziness, tinnitus; dyspnea; palpitations fainting. Signs of anemia during pregnancy associated with a lack of iron in the tissues are: dryness and cracking of the skin; jamming, cracks, inflammation of the border of the lips; brittle, flaking nails; dry and brittle hair, hair loss. The use of iron supplements in addition to a balanced diet is a way to maintain a normal level of hemoglobin in the blood. How can I increase hemoglobin levels? Mild anemia during pregnancy in the early stages may not show characteristic symptoms, as the body can initially compensate for the lack of oxygen. Quite early, changes in the structure of nails and hair, dry skin become noticeable, but usually women do not pay attention to these signs, believing that their cause is pregnancy itself. The tolerance of symptoms of anemia is individual: someone faints with relatively high hemoglobin values, someone refuses hospitalization with hemoglobin at a level of about 70 g / l, sincerely not understanding the severity of anemia and its danger during pregnancy. That is why a clinical blood test during pregnancy is mandatory and several times. The drop in the values of iron in serum (less than 12 μmol / L), and serum ferritin is also important. A decrease in the amount of the latter to 12 μg / l indicates iron deficiency, even if hemoglobin is still normal. Treatment of anemia while the baby is waiting Diet therapy One of the foundations of both the prevention and treatment of anemia during pregnancy is proper nutrition. Women with a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia may be recommended iron supplements.
can be absorbed in the intestine only in a divalent form - Fe 2+ . To transform one form into another, an activator is needed - ascorbic acid. That is, iron in products of plant origin is biologically available only if vitamin C is contained in the same product. Ascorbic acid is destroyed by heat treatment, which means that vegetables and fruits in the diet during anemia during pregnancy should be fresh. This is important to know! Iron contained in meat is assimilated by 40–50%, while from plant products - only by 3-5%. In meat and fish, iron is initially divalent, and therefore easily absorbed. In this regard, doctors say: at least 75% of the iron entering the body must be of animal origin. But one diet may not be enough even for prevention: after all, the daily requirement for the gland of a pregnant woman is 38 mg [4] . Due to the lack of iron, various systems of the human body suffer. This can be expressed in a decrease in stamina and resistance to infectious diseases, in increased fatigue
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